Narrated Ibn 'Abbas, 'When the Prophet came to Medina, he found (the Jews) fasting on the day of 'Ashura' (i.e. 10th of Muharram). They used to say: "This is a great day on which Allah saved Moses and drowned the folk of Pharaoh. Moses observed the fast on this day, as a sign of gratitude to Allah." The Prophet said, "I am closer to Moses than they." So, he observed the fast (on that day) and ordered the Muslims to fast on it.' [bukhari Volume 4, Book 55, Number 609]

'But when fasting during the month of Ramadan was made obligatory he said: He who wishes to observe this fast may do so, and he who wishes to abandon it may do so.' [Muslim Book 006, Number 2499]

Abu Haraira [ra] reported Allah's Messenger [s] as saying, 'The most excellent fast after Ramadan is God's month. al-Muharram, and the most excellent prayer after what is prescribed is prayer during the night.' [Muslim Book 006, Number 2611]

Ibn Abbas was asked about observing of fast on the day of Ashura, whereupon he said, 'I do not know Allah's Messenger (may peace be upon him) singling out any day's fast and considering it more excellent than another, except this day (the day of Ashura) and this month, meaning the month of Ramadan.' [Muslim Book 006, Number 2524]

Abu Qatada reported... the Prophet [s] said, 'I seek from Allah that fasting on the day of... Ashura may atone for the sins of the preceding year.' [Muslim Book 6, Number 2602]

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